Land Acquisition Procedure under National Highways Act, 1956
Flowcharts illustrating the stepwise process from land identification to compensation and arbitration (Sections 3A–3J).
1️⃣ Land Acquisition Process (Sections 3A–3F)
graph TD
A[Start] --> B[Land Identification]
B -->|Central Govt/NHAI identifies land| C[Appoint CALA]
C -->|Gazette Notification| D[Preliminary Notification - Section 3A]
D -->|Publish in Gazette + Newspapers, 21-day objection period| E{Objections Filed?}
E -->|Yes| F[Objection Handling - Section 3C]
E -->|No| G[Declaration of Acquisition - Section 3D]
F -->|CALA hears objections, submits report| G
G -->|Publish within 1 year| H[Final Declaration & Survey - Section 3D(1)]
H --> I[Land Vesting to Govt - Section 3D(2)]
I --> J[Prepare Detailed Plan & Schedule]
J --> K[Proceed to Compensation Stage (Section 3G)]
%% Styling for better readability
classDef process fill:#fff3b0,stroke:#333,stroke-width:2px;
classDef decision fill:#a8dadc,stroke:#333,stroke-width:2px;
classDef startEnd fill:#b9fbc0,stroke:#333,stroke-width:2px;
class A,K startEnd;
class E decision;
class B,C,D,F,G,H,I,J process;
2️⃣ Compensation and Arbitration Process (Sections 3G–3J)
graph TD
A1[Start - After Section 3D Declaration] --> B1[Compensation Assessment - Section 3G(1)]
B1 -->|CALA determines value| C1[Factors: Market Value, Damage, Severance, Loss]
C1 --> D1{Dispute in Compensation?}
D1 -->|No| E1[Payment to Landowner - Section 3H]
D1 -->|Yes| F1[Refer to Arbitrator - Section 3G(5)]
F1 --> G1[Arbitrator decides, using principles of LA Act, 1894]
G1 --> H1[Appeal to High Court - Section 3G(6)]
E1 --> I1[Deposit in Court if Owner Unknown - Section 3H(4)]
I1 --> J1[Take Possession of Land - Section 3E]
J1 --> K1[Transfer to NHAI for Project]
K1 --> L1[End - Land Fully Acquired and Compensated]
%% Styling
classDef process fill:#fde2e4,stroke:#333,stroke-width:2px;
classDef decision fill:#a8dadc,stroke:#333,stroke-width:2px;
classDef startEnd fill:#caffbf,stroke:#333,stroke-width:2px;
class A1,L1 startEnd;
class D1 decision;
class B1,C1,E1,F1,G1,H1,I1,J1,K1 process;
📘 Source: National Highways Act, 1956 (Sections 3A–3J), CALA – Competent Authority for Land Acquisition.
0 Comments